Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
| Kraton of Yogyakarta | |
|---|---|
Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀ | |
 Pagelaran hall of Kraton of Yogyakarta | |
  Location in Yogyakarta | |
| Alternative names | Kraton Jogja |
| General information | |
| Type | Royal Palace |
| Architectural style | Javanese Architecture |
| Location | Jl. Rotowijayan 1 55133, Yogyakarta |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Coordinates | 7°48′20″S 110°21′51″E / 7.805689°S 110.36406°E / -7.805689; 110.36406 |
| Current tenants | Hamengkubuwono X |
| Construction started | 1755 |
| Completed | 1756 |
| Client |  House of Hamengkubuwono |
| Owner | Sultan of Yogyakarta |
| Technical details | |
| Size | 1.4 hectares (3.5 acres) |
| Website | |
| http://www.kratonjogja.id | |
One of the pavilions (bangsal)
The Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (Indonesian: Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, Javanese: ꦏꦿꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠꦲꦢꦶꦤꦶꦔꦿꦠ꧀) is a palace complex in the city of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is the seat of the reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta and his family. The complex is a center of Javanese culture, and contains a museum displaying royal artifacts. It is guarded by the Yogyakarta Kraton Guards (Indonesian: Prajurit Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat).
Contents
1 History
2 Architecture
3 Symbolism
4 Performances
5 Popular culture
6 Gallery
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
History
The complex was built in 1755–1756 (AJ 1682) for Hamengkubuwono I, the first Sultan of Yogyakarta.[1] It was one of the monarch's first acts after the signing of the Treaty of Giyanti, which recognized the creation of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta under the Dutch East India Company.[1] A banyan forest, protected from flooding by its location between two rivers, was chosen as the site for the palace.[1]
On 20 June 1812, Stamford Raffles led a 1,200-strong British force to attack the walled royal city of Yogyakarta. Although they outnumbered the British, the Javanese were unprepared for the attack. Yogyakarta fell in one day, and the palace was sacked and burned. A total of £15,000 in gold, jewels and currency (currently valued at £500,000) was looted. It was the first attack on a Javanese court, and the sultanate was subjugated to colonial authority.[2] Most of the current palace was built by Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII (who reigned from 1921 to 1939), and was rebuilt after earthquakes in 1876 and 2006.[3]
Architecture
The palace's chief architect was Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, who founded the Yogyakarta Sultanate. His architectural expertise was appreciated by the Dutch scientist Theodoor Gautier Thomas Pigeaud and Lucien Adam, who considered him a worthy successor of Pakubuwono II (founder of the Surakarta Sunanate).[4] The palace layout, which followed the basic design of the old city of Yogyakarta,[5] was completed in 1755-1756; another building was added by a later Sultan of Yogyakarta.
Javanese architecture uses floral patterns, such as this relief on the palace ceiling.
The complex consists of a courtyard covered with sand from the south coast, a main building and a secondary building. The buildings are separated by a wall with a regol[6] in semar tinandu style.[7] The palace door is made of thick teak. Behind (or in front of) a gate in Javanese architecture is usually an insulating wall (Renteng or Baturono), sometimes with a distinctive, traditional ornament.
The wooden buildings of the complex have a traditional Javanese architectural style, decorated with flora, fauna, or nature motifs. Foreign influences (Portuguese, Dutch, and Chinese) are also seen. The buildings are of joglo construction.
The trapezoidal joglo roof is usually covered with red or gray shingles, tiles, or zinc. It is supported by a central pillar (soko guru) and secondary pillars. Pillars are usually dark green or black, with yellow, light-green, red or gold highlights. Other wooden building elements match the pillars in color.
For the stone pedestal (Ompak), the black color is combined with gold ornamentation. White dominates the walls of the building and the complex. The floor, usually made of white marble or patterned tiles, is higher than the sandy courtyard. Some buildings have a higher main floor.[8] Other buildings have a square stone (Selo Gilang) for the sultan's throne.
Each building is classified by use. The main-class building (used by the sultan) has more ornamentation than the lower-class buildings, which have simple ornamentation or none at all.[9]
Symbolism
Gilig Golong Monument, popularly known as Tugu Yogyakarta
A kraton is a palace. Keraton is the living quarters of the royal family.[1]Tamarind and Spanish cherry trees line the road from Krapyak Hunting House to the palace, which runs from Tugu Yogyakarta to the palace.[1]
Tugu Yogyakarta (the Gilig golong monument), on the north side of the old city, symbolizes "unification between the king (golong) and the people (gilig)" (Javanese: manunggaling kawulo gusti).[This quote needs a citation] It also symbolizes the final unity of the creator (Khalik) and his subjects. The Gate Donopratoro (gate to the Kedaton quarter) represents "a good person is someone who is generous and knows how to control his lust", and the two Dwarapala statues (Balabuta and Cinkarabala) represent good and evil. The palace'sartifacts are believed to have the power to repulse evil.[1]
Performances
The palace hosts gamelan, dance, macapat and wayang performances.[10]
Popular culture
The Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat was the second pit stop in The Amazing Race 19.[11]
Gallery
Front of palace
Corner of palace
Pavilion
Palace ceiling
Sedan chair
Artifacts
Courtyard
Pavilion
Inner court
Railing
Ganesha
Guardian statue
Main pavilion
Wooden Javanese pillars
Gamelan performance
Donopratono gate and guardian statues
See also
- List of monarchs of Java
- Fort Vredeburg
- Gedung Agung
- Taman Sari (Yogyakarta)
- List of palaces in Indonesia
References
^ abcdef OBYEK PENELITIAN, http://elib.unikom.ac.id/
^ When Raffles ran Java, Tim Hanningan, historytoday.com
^ Kraton, yogyes.com
^ Tulisan awal
^ Kota ini memiliki batas utara Tugu Yogyakarta, timur Sungai Code, selatan Panggung Krapyak, dan barat Sungai Winongo.
^ In Javanese, a regol is a large door or gate.
^ Semar tinandu is a gate with a trapezoidal roof, like a joglo.
^ Bangsal Witono and Bangsal Kencono
^ Chamamah Soeratno et. al. and the book Murdani Hadiatmadja
^ "Ragam | Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat - Kraton Jogja". www.kratonjogja.id. Retrieved 2018-12-26..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}
^ "'The Amazing Race' ousts two teams in special double elimination". Reality TV World. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
Further reading
Brongtodiningrat, K. P. H. (1975), The Royal Palace (Karaton) of Yogyakarta: Its Architecture and Its Meaning, Yogyakarta: Karaton Museum Yogyakarta, OCLC 12847099.
Dwiyanto, Djoko (2009), Kraton Yogyakarta: Sejarah, Nasionalisme & Teladan Perjuangan (in Indonesian), Yogyakarta: Paradigma Indonesia, ISBN 978-979-17834-0-8.
External links
Media related to Kraton of Yogyakarta at Wikimedia Commons
Kraton Yogyakarta Hadinigrat at Yogyakarta government official website (in Indonesian)
KratonJogja.com, created by Gadjah Mada University
- Kraton Yogya
Coordinates: 7°48′20″S 110°21′51″E / 7.805689°S 110.36406°E / -7.805689; 110.36406
